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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
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Research progress on post-laparoscopic shoulder pain after gynecologic surgery.

Yajuan Shao1, Yijin Zhang1, Xianping Lin1

  • 1Nursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China.

The Journal of International Medical Research
|November 27, 2025
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Summary

Post-gynecological laparoscopic surgery shoulder pain is a common issue. Key prevention strategies involve managing carbon dioxide (CO2) pressure and insufflation rates during surgery, alongside nursing interventions.

Keywords:
Gynecological laparoscopic surgerymechanismspostoperative shoulder painpreventive measuresrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Surgical Complications
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Shoulder pain is a frequent and significant complication following gynecological laparoscopic surgery.
  • Risk factors include high intraoperative carbon dioxide (CO2) pressure, rapid insufflation, and residual CO2 under the diaphragm.
  • Pain mechanisms involve mechanical and chemical stimulation, influenced by intraoperative positioning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical characteristics, mechanisms, risk factors, and preventive strategies for shoulder pain after gynecological laparoscopic surgery.
  • To provide a reference for effective prevention strategies.
  • To highlight the importance of addressing this common post-operative issue.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical characteristics, mechanisms, risk factors, and preventive measures.
  • Analysis of surgical, nursing, and medication-based prevention strategies.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on managing post-laparoscopic shoulder pain.

Main Results:

  • Identified key risk factors: high CO2 pressure, rapid insufflation, and residual CO2.
  • Outlined preventive measures focusing on surgical technique (limiting pressure/rate, CO2 removal), nursing care, and potential medications.
  • Emphasized a multi-faceted approach to prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Effective prevention of shoulder pain requires a comprehensive strategy addressing surgical parameters and perioperative care.
  • Optimizing CO2 management during laparoscopy is crucial for reducing post-operative shoulder pain.
  • Further research into pharmacological interventions may offer additional preventive options.