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Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

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Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
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Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
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Updated: May 6, 2026

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Understanding preferences for self-sampling in a national cervical screening programme: a protocol for a discrete

Shabnam Thapa1,2, Jennifer C Davies3,4, Emma J Crosbie3,5

  • 1National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London, UK.

BMJ Open
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Understanding preferences for cervical screening self-sampling methods is key to improving uptake. This study uses a discrete choice experiment to identify features influencing choices for vaginal or urine self-sampling, aiming to overcome barriers in the National Health Service Cervical Screening Programme.

Keywords:
Mass ScreeningPatient PreferenceUterine Cervical Neoplasms

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Gynecologic Oncology

Background:

  • Current cervical screening involves healthcare professional collection, facing access and acceptability barriers.
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing enables self-sampling methods like vaginal and urine collection.
  • Individual preferences for self-sampling features influencing cervical screening uptake remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and field a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to identify preferences for cervical screening self-sampling methods.
  • To understand what features of self-sampling influence individuals' choices and screening behavior.

Main Methods:

  • An online survey incorporating a DCE was developed.
  • Attributes and levels were determined through literature review, expert input, and patient involvement.
  • A D-efficient design generated choice sets, with regression analysis planned for attribute impact estimation.

Main Results:

  • This section is not applicable as the abstract describes a study protocol.

Conclusions:

  • This study protocol outlines the design of a DCE to investigate preferences for cervical screening self-sampling methods.
  • Findings will inform the development of more acceptable and accessible cervical screening strategies, potentially increasing uptake.