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Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
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Crustal velocity structure for Northern Egypt using ambient noise tomography.

Hany A A Adam1,2, Takumi Hayashida2, M Sami Soliman1

  • 1Seismology Department, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Cairo, Egypt.

Scientific Reports
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals distinct crustal velocity variations in Northern Egypt using ambient noise tomography. Low velocities are found in the Western Desert, while higher velocities appear in the Eastern Desert and Sinai, with calculated Moho depths ranging from 31-42 km.

Keywords:
Ambient seismic noiseGroup velocityMoho depthNorthern EgyptTomography

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Seismology
  • Tectonics

Background:

  • Northern Egypt is part of the seismically active Eastern Mediterranean region with a complex tectonic setting.
  • Previous investigations into the crustal structure of this region are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the crustal structure of Northern Egypt using Ambient Noise Tomography (ANT).
  • To determine variations in seismic wave velocities and Moho depths across the study area.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized one year of continuous data from 32 broadband seismic stations (Egyptian National Seismological Network and southern European regional stations).
  • Applied Ambient Noise Tomography (ANT) by selecting ~300 dispersion curves based on signal-to-noise ratio and seasonal variations.
  • Inverted selected dispersion curves to generate group velocity maps (5-25 s) and calculated Moho depths at nine sites.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant lateral variations in group velocities across Northern Egypt.
  • Observed low seismic velocities in the crust of the Northern Western Desert.
  • Detected higher velocities in the Northern Eastern Desert and the Sinai Peninsula.
  • Estimated Moho depths ranging from 31 km (near the Mediterranean coast) to 42 km (Western Desert).
  • Calculated Moho depths beneath the Sinai Peninsula at 33-35 km.
  • Determined the Conrad discontinuity depth between 10 and 16 km.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides the first detailed crustal structure map of Northern Egypt using ANT.
  • Results highlight significant variations in crustal thickness and seismic velocity, correlating with regional tectonic features.
  • The findings contribute to a better understanding of the complex geodynamics of the Eastern Mediterranean region.