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Agricultural, Veterinary And Food Sciences
Agriculture, Land And Farm Management
Agricultural Production Systems Simulation
Health Risk Assessment Of Penconazole Fungicide Residues In Grapes: Insights From Monte Carlo Simulation.

Home
Research Domains
Agricultural, Veterinary And Food Sciences
Agriculture, Land And Farm Management
Agricultural Production Systems Simulation
Health Risk Assessment Of Penconazole Fungicide Residues In Grapes: Insights From Monte Carlo Simulation.

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Health risk assessment of penconazole fungicide residues in grapes: insights from Monte Carlo simulation.

Roya Peirovi-Minaee^1,2, Ahmad Zarei³, Ali Alami⁴

¹Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. peirovi.r@gmu.ac.ir.

Scientific Reports

|November 27, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pesticide residues in grapes were assessed, revealing that washing and disinfection significantly reduce penconazole levels. Consuming these grapes poses minimal health risks due to low residue concentrations below safety limits.

Keywords:

Grapes Health risk assessment Monte carlo Penconazole

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Area of Science:

Food Safety
Environmental Science
Toxicology

Background:

Pesticide misuse leads to crop contamination and food chain residue accumulation.
Public health concerns arise from pesticide residues in consumed food products.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess penconazole residue levels in Gonabad vineyard grape samples.
To evaluate the human health risks associated with penconazole exposure from grapes.
To determine the efficacy of washing and disinfection in reducing pesticide residues.

Main Methods:

Grape samples collected from 13 vineyards in 2022.
Analysis of penconazole levels in unwashed, water-washed, and disinfected samples.
Calculation of hazard quotient (HQ) to assess health risks.

Main Results:

Penconazole detected in all samples, but below the EU's MRL of 0.4 mg/kg.
Washing reduced residues by 23.8%; disinfection reduced them by 80%.
Hazard quotient (HQ) values were below 1, indicating negligible non-cancer health risks.

Conclusions:

Grape consumption in Gonabad poses minimal health risks from penconazole residues.
Washing and disinfection are effective methods for reducing pesticide contamination in grapes.
Ongoing monitoring of pesticide levels is crucial for ensuring food safety.