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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

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Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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High-[Formula: see text] superconductivity with quadratic electron-phonon coupling.

Farshad Azizi1

  • 1Department of Physics, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful, Iran. Azizi.F@yahoo.com.

Scientific Reports
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new model for high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates, unifying electron-phonon coupling and electronic correlations to predict higher critical temperatures (Tc) through quantum bipolaron formation.

Keywords:
CupratesDoping-dependent phase diagramElectronic correlationsHigh-temperature superconductivityIsotope effectQuadratic electron-phonon coupling

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • High-temperature superconductivity in cuprates is poorly understood due to complex interactions.
  • Existing models inadequately capture both lattice dynamics and electronic correlations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a unified theoretical framework for cuprate superconductivity.
  • To incorporate quadratic electron-phonon coupling (QEPC) for enhanced pairing.
  • To predict higher critical temperatures (Tc) by bridging phonon- and correlation-driven mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • A novel Hamiltonian integrating linear/quadratic electron-phonon coupling (g, γ) and on-site repulsion (U).
  • Extended Eliashberg equations for analytical and numerical solutions.
  • Numerical simulations with advanced self-consistent solutions and larger grids.

Main Results:

  • Predicted enhanced Tc up to [Formula: see text] K in cuprates via quantum bipolaron formation.
  • Demonstrated synergy between electron-phonon coupling (g, γ), repulsion (U), and doping (x).
  • Observed non-monotonic trends in Tc and superconducting gap (Δ) and a doping-dependent isotope coefficient.

Conclusions:

  • The unified framework successfully bridges phonon- and correlation-driven mechanisms in cuprates.
  • QEPC is crucial for achieving higher Tc, suggesting new material design strategies.
  • The model resolves longstanding controversies and predicts enhanced superconductivity through quantum effects.