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Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
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Nonlinear kinematic impacts on nanofluid flow across rough surface with numerical simulation.

Adnan Khan1, Dil Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Zubair2

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.

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|November 28, 2025
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Summary

This study explores nanofluid flow over rough, porous surfaces, revealing sensitive behaviors previously unobserved. Findings enhance understanding of heat and mass transfer for improved coatings and temperature control.

Keywords:
Energy-efficient suspensionMultiple flow regimeNonlinear thermal flow, rough porous interfaceNumerical procedureParameteric sensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Heat and Mass Transfer
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Limited analysis of nanofluid flow over rough, porous surfaces.
  • Previous studies focused on smooth geometries and narrow parameter ranges.
  • Lack of comprehensive physical insights into complex flow behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate thermo-solutal transport in nanofluids under nonlinear kinematics across a rough porous stretched interface.
  • To extend analysis to include surface roughness, porosity, nonlinear stretching, magnetic fields, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and variable suction/injection.
  • To reveal sensitive solution behaviors and previously untouched physical phenomena in nanofluid dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Governing nonlinear partial differential equations transformed into coupled ordinary differential equations using scaling transformations.
  • Numerical simulation using MATLAB's BVP4C solver for computational stability and precision.
  • Exploration of an expanded parameter domain to uncover novel solution properties.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated sensitive solution behaviors, including significant changes in species concentration (5-12%) with thermophoresis variations.
  • Observed substantial velocity profile shifts (20%) due to minor variations in the slip parameter.
  • Identified critical parameter limits leading to qualitative changes in system responses and non-physical solutions.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides crucial insights into nanofluid transport phenomena under complex conditions.
  • Findings offer guidance for developing advanced coatings and temperature control strategies.
  • Enhanced understanding of nanofluid behavior can significantly improve transportation effectiveness in practical applications.