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Supramolecular dyes: advancing precision medicine through molecular engineering.

Jun Li¹, Yuling Xu², Yida Pang³

¹College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.

Chemical Society Reviews

|November 28, 2025

Summary

Supramolecular dyes offer superior photophysical properties for precision medicine, overcoming limitations of traditional small-molecule dyes. This review highlights their advances in diagnosis and therapy, paving the way for clinical applications.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Optical Imaging

Background:

Precision medicine requires advanced diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
Small-molecule dyes are crucial for medical imaging but have limitations like poor photostability and quenching.
Supramolecular dyes offer enhanced photophysical properties for improved performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review recent advances in supramolecular dyes for precision biomedicine.
To summarize their applications in optical diagnosis and therapy.
To identify challenges and future perspectives for clinical translation.

Main Methods:

Review of supramolecular dye development across three self-assembly systems: supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), host-guest systems, and enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA).
Analysis of photophysical properties, including photostability, anti-quenching capabilities, and optical tunability.
Evaluation of applications in tumor localization and intraoperative imaging.

Main Results:

Supramolecular dyes exhibit superior photostability, tunable optical properties, and resistance to fluorescence quenching compared to small-molecule dyes.
These dyes enable high-precision optical diagnosis and therapy, addressing limitations in current imaging techniques.
Significant progress has been made in SCCs, host-guest systems, and EISA for developing advanced supramolecular dyes.

Conclusions:

Supramolecular dyes represent a promising class of materials for precision medicine, offering enhanced capabilities for optical diagnosis and therapy.
Further research and development are needed to overcome current challenges and facilitate their clinical translation.
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the field, guiding future research towards clinical applications.