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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

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Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

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In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Spatial Profiling of Protein and RNA Expression in Tissue: An Approach to Fine-Tune Virtual Microdissection
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Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates for spatial proteomics: principles, applications, and challenges.

Yinghui Qiu1,2, Chunlan Li1, Peiying Ye1

  • 1School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 362021, China.

Acta Biochimica Et Biophysica Sinica
|November 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates (AOCs) enable sensitive spatial proteomics by converting protein detection into a DNA readout. This technology advances spatial biology by mapping protein function and interactions within tissues.

Keywords:
antibody-oligonucleotide conjugatesmulti-omicsspatial proteomicstissue microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Spatial biology
  • Proteomics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Spatial biology investigates cellular organization and function within tissues.
  • Spatial proteomics maps protein localization and abundance, reflecting cellular states.
  • Current in situ protein profiling faces challenges due to protein nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review antibody-oligonucleotide conjugate (AOC)-based spatial proteomic technologies.
  • To outline principles, applications, and challenges of AOCs in spatial biology.
  • To highlight AOCs' role in decoding tissue complexity and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates (AOCs) convert protein recognition into DNA signals.
  • Multiplexed protein analysis and in situ protein-protein interaction detection.
  • Integration with other biomolecular data and multi-omics approaches.

Main Results:

  • AOCs enable sensitive and scalable detection of proteins in situ.
  • DNA-mediated signal amplification enhances proteomic profiling.
  • Spatially resolved proteomic data aids in understanding tissue complexity.

Conclusions:

  • AOCs overcome limitations in direct protein profiling.
  • They offer advantages like signal amplification and multi-omics compatibility.
  • AOCs are powerful tools for advancing spatial biology and disease research.