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Updated: Jan 10, 2026
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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
Published on: March 10, 2023
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Recent Advances in Bipolar Membrane Engineering for Direct Seawater Electrolysis: Improved Efficiency and Stability
Sarthak Mishra1,2, Nehal H Rathod1,2, Garima Agarwal3
1Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India.
Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|November 28, 2025
Summary
Direct seawater electrolysis (DSE) using bipolar membranes (BPMs) overcomes corrosion and scaling issues for sustainable hydrogen production. This technology enables efficient, chlorine-free hydrogen generation directly from seawater.
Area of Science:
- Electrochemistry
- Materials Science
- Sustainable Energy
Background:
- Direct seawater electrolysis (DSE) is a sustainable hydrogen production method but faces challenges like chloride corrosion and scaling.
- Bipolar membranes (BPMs) create asymmetric pH zones, facilitating hydrogen evolution and suppressing unwanted reactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze BPM-based strategies for overcoming DSE limitations.
- To focus on interfacial engineering, catalyst design, and membrane durability in saline environments.
Main Methods:
- Review of BPM integration with electrocatalysts and chloride-blocking layers.
- Analysis of interfacial engineering and junction design for BPMs in DSE.
- Evaluation of membrane durability under industrial operating conditions.
Main Results:
- BPMs effectively suppress chloride crossover and cathodic precipitation.
- Synergistic integration of BPMs with catalysts and protective layers enhances efficiency and stability.
- Demonstrated significant gains in Faradaic efficiency and corrosion resistance.
Conclusions:
- BPMs are crucial for advancing DSE technology.
- Scalable fabrication, improved water dissociation, and precise ion transport are key for practical chlorine-free hydrogen generation from seawater.
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