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Subjective visual vertical in first time seafarers experiencing sea sickness.

Bhaumik Patel1, Deepika Tanwar2, Sunil Goyal3

  • 1Department of ENT & HNS, Indian Naval Hospital Ship Asvini, Mumbai, India.

Journal of Otology
|November 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

First-time seafarers experiencing sea sickness showed altered verticality perception, measured by the Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV) test. These changes in perception improved after leaving the ship, indicating the utricle

Keywords:
Sea sicknessmotion sicknesssubjective visual verticalvestibular system

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vestibular System Research
  • Maritime Medicine

Background:

  • Sea sickness is a common ailment affecting sailors, linked to motion-induced sensory conflicts.
  • The sensory conflict theory posits that mismatches between visual and vestibular inputs cause motion sickness.
  • Otolith organs are crucial for sensing gravity and linear acceleration, playing a role in spatial orientation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate otolith-mediated verticality perception in novice sailors during sea voyages.
  • To investigate the relationship between sea sickness and changes in the Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV).
  • To assess the role of the otolith organs in spatial disorientation during maritime exposure.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study involving 50 new sailors (case group) and 50 experienced sailors (control group).
  • Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV) tests were administered to both groups before embarkation, during sea sickness episodes, and after disembarkation.
  • Data on verticality perception were collected and analyzed to compare changes between groups and over time.

Main Results:

  • Newly recruited sailors exhibited significant deviations in SVV angles during sea sickness episodes compared to experienced sailors.
  • These SVV deviations decreased substantially 24 hours after disembarkation, indicating recovery of verticality perception.
  • The findings suggest altered otolith-mediated perception contributes to the experience of sea sickness.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights the functional importance of otolith organs in maintaining spatial orientation at sea.
  • Observed SVV deviations support the sensory conflict theory, implicating vestibular-visual mismatch in sea sickness.
  • Findings suggest transient otolith overstimulation, with the utricle potentially playing a key role in inducing sea sickness.