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Understanding the Mechanisms that Operate within CHIME: A Realist Review Protocol
Michael John Norton1, John Paul Byrne2, Tina Bedenik3
1PhD Scholar, Graduate School of Healthcare Management, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Leinster, D02 YN77, Ireland.
HRB Open Research
|November 28, 2025
Summary
This realist review explores the internal mechanisms of the CHIME framework (Connectedness, Hope, Identity, Meaning, Empowerment) in mental health recovery. It aims to understand how these elements facilitate the journey from unwellness to recovery.
Area of Science:
- Mental Health Research
- Psychology
- Sociology
Background:
- The concept of recovery in mental health has evolved since the 1960s.
- William Anthony defined recovery in 1993 as living one's best life despite mental health challenges.
- The CHIME framework (Connectedness, Hope, Identity, Meaning, Empowerment) was developed in 2011 to represent key recovery characteristics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the internal mechanisms driving mental health recovery through the CHIME framework.
- To address a gap in the literature regarding how individuals move from unwellness to recovery via CHIME.
- To explore the 'how,' 'why,' and 'under what circumstances' of recovery mechanisms within CHIME.
Main Methods:
- A realist review methodology based on Pawson et al.'s six-phase approach.
- Involves setting up a review advisory panel and constructing initial programme theories.
- Systematic evidence searching, appraisal, data extraction, analysis, and synthesis.
Main Results:
- This section is not applicable as the abstract describes a proposed review.
Conclusions:
- The proposed review will elucidate the mechanisms underlying mental health recovery via the CHIME framework.
- Findings will inform future research within a PhD study on CHIME and mental health recovery in Ireland.
- The review will be submitted for peer-reviewed publication and disseminated beyond academia.
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