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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Treatment with Locking Intramedullary Nailing for Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Femur Utilizing a New Awl with a Distal Positioner

Treatment with Locking Intramedullary Nailing for Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Femur Utilizing a New Awl with a Distal Positioner

Published on: June 6, 2025

Anatomic Structures at Risk With Antegrade Intramedullary Fixation of the First Metacarpal Using Three Start Points:

Mason H Adams¹, Thomas B Lynch¹, Daniel D Homeier¹

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX.

Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online

|November 28, 2025

Summary

Percutaneous intramedullary fixation of first metacarpal fractures requires careful entry point selection. A volar-radial approach minimizes risk to critical neurovascular structures and tendons, offering a safer option for surgeons.

Keywords:

Anatomic risks Antegrade intramedullary fixation First metacarpal Safe zones Surgical technique

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An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery

Published on: February 17, 2018

Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Anatomy
Surgical Techniques

Background:

Percutaneous intramedullary fixation is used for extraarticular first metacarpal fractures.
This technique may pose risks to surrounding anatomical structures.
Identifying safe entry zones is crucial for minimizing complications.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate safe zones for antegrade implant entry in the first metacarpal.
To identify and describe anatomical structures at risk during percutaneous fixation.

Main Methods:

Ten cadaveric hands were dissected.
Three entry points at the first metacarpal base were assessed: volar-radial, dorsal-radial, and dorsal-ulnar.
Guidewires and screws were placed under fluoroscopic guidance, and surrounding soft tissues were dissected to identify at-risk structures.

Main Results:

The volar-radial entry point risked injury to the abductor pollicis longus (APL) tendon (8.3 ± 5.4 mm).
Dorsal-radial entry risked injury to the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) and APL/EPB tendons.
Dorsal-ulnar entry risked injury to the SBRN, radial artery, and EPL tendon.

Conclusions:

Dorsal entry points pose a higher risk to critical neurovascular structures and tendons.
The volar-radial approach presents the lowest risk to neurovascular structures.
The volar-radial entry point may be a safer option for percutaneous intramedullary fixation of first metacarpal fractures.