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Precision neurodiversity: personalized brain network architecture as a window into cognitive variability.

Suleiman Ibrahim Mohammad1,2, Eman Raeed Azzam3, Asokan Vasudevan4,5

  • 1Electronic Marketing and Social Media, Economic and Administrative Sciences Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan.

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Precision neurodiversity shifts focus to personalized brain networks, revealing adaptive neurological variations. Individual brain network profiles predict cognitive and behavioral traits, enabling tailored interventions for neurodevelopmental conditions.

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brain connectomemachine learningmagnetic resonance imagingneurodevelopmental disordersneurodiversityprecision medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Personalized Medicine
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Neurodiversity is reframed from pathology to adaptive variation.
  • Personalized Brain Network (PBN) architecture is key to understanding cognitive variability.
  • Current diagnostic criteria may miss distinct neurobiological subgroups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize knowledge on PBN architecture and its link to cognitive variability.
  • To explore advancements in characterizing individual-specific neural networks.
  • To discuss clinical applications and challenges in personalized neurodiversity research.

Main Methods:

  • Connectome-based prediction modeling
  • Normative modeling
  • Dynamic fingerprinting
  • Machine learning and deep generative models

Main Results:

  • PBN profiles reliably predict cognitive, behavioral, and sensory phenomena.
  • Distinct neurobiological subgroups identified in ADHD and autism spectrum disorder.
  • Age-resistant biomarkers and genetic influences on brain connectivity found.
  • Network variability predicts executive functioning, social perception, and sensory processing.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized neurodiversity offers tailored interventions for conditions like autism and ADHD.
  • Challenges include statistical power, reproducibility, ethics, and community engagement.
  • Integrating neuroimaging, AI, and personalized medicine celebrates neurological diversity.