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Related Concept Videos

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin and Momentum Mapping of Highly Oriented Spinterfaces.

Iulia Cojocariu1,2,3, Daniel Baranowski3, Vitaliy Feyer3,4

  • 1Physics Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.

Nano Letters
|November 28, 2025
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Long-range molecular order at magnetic interfaces (spinterfaces) enables electron scattering, altering spin properties. This research reveals how molecular structure impacts spin polarization for future spin-electronic devices.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Spinterfaces, interfaces between magnetic substrates and molecular layers, are crucial for spin-electronic devices.
  • Understanding spin-polarized electron behavior at these interfaces is key to device design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how molecular order influences spin-polarized electron scattering at magnetic interfaces.
  • To compare the effects of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) and metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) on the electronic structure of an iron surface.

Main Methods:

  • Spin-resolved momentum microscopy
  • Photoemission tomography
  • Assembly of molecular monolayers (FePc, H2Pc) on an oxygen-passivated iron surface.

Main Results:

  • Long-range molecular order induces coherent Umklapp scattering of substrate electrons.
  • Distinct Umklapp replicas of substrate valence bands were observed for both FePc and H2Pc lattices.
  • Spin polarization near normal emission is dominated by scattering, not molecular orbitals.

Conclusions:

  • Structural order in molecular layers significantly modifies the spin-resolved electronic structure at spinterfaces.
  • Electron scattering, rather than direct molecular orbital contributions, governs interface spin polarization.
  • Provides insights for engineering spinterfaces with tailored spin functionalities.