Epidemiology of keloids among university students in Uganda

Keloids are benign yet persistent fibroproliferative disorders characterized by raised, irregular scars that extend beyond the original wound margins. In addition to causing disfiguring scars, pain, and restricted mobility, keloids significantly impact psychosocial well-being, often leading to emotional distress and socioeconomic challenges for the affected individuals. Although keloids are recognized as being most prevalent among individuals of African descent, there remains a paucity of epidemiological data on their prevalence in African populations. This gap in knowledge has contributed to the limited prioritization of keloid management in healthcare policies and treatment strategies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of keloids among university students in Uganda and analyze the demographic and patient-related factors associated with keloid development, with particular focus on age, sex, ethnicity, family history, blood group, and skin complexion. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 502 university students at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and direct visual inspection of scars by trained research assistants. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the prevalence and evaluate the associations between keloids and participant characteristics. The prevalence of keloids among study participants was 4.18%, while hypertrophic scars were observed in 20.32%. A positive family history was identified as the strongest association with keloid development. No significant associations were found between keloid formation and ethnicity, blood group, or skin complexion. The study provides population-based prevalence data on keloids and emphasizes the role of genetic predisposition in keloid formation. The findings underscore the need for increased awareness, identification of at-risk populations, and strategized preventive interventions for keloid development.