Exploring the Challenges and Needs of Social Workers in Managing Abandoned Infant Cases: A Qualitative Study

This study aims to develop a social work model for managing cases of abandoned infants in Turkey, addressing inconsistencies in hospital practices. Designed as a qualitative and phenomenological study, in-depth interviews were conducted with ten social workers working in the Medical Social Services units of hospitals affiliated with the Ministry of Health. These participants represented the seven geographical regions of Turkey (2 from Central Anatolia, 2 from the Black Sea Region, 1 from the Marmara Region, 2 from the Mediterranean Region, 1 from the Aegean Region, 1 from the Eastern Anatolia Region, and 1 from the Southeastern Anatolia Region). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews lasting between 45 and 75 minutes and analyzed using Maxqda. The findings indicate that while social workers act professionally in practice, they experience a lack of specific training in the case management of abandoned infants. Differences were identified in hospital procedures related to infant handover, revealing the need for standardized practices. The study also highlights the importance of early identification of at-risk mothers during pregnancy and the implementation of preventive, multidisciplinary interventions that prioritize the best interests of both mother and child. The proposed model aims to support family unity by addressing the social, emotional, and economic needs of the mother and promotes a holistic care approach that prioritizes maternal and infant health and well-being. It recommends the close monitoring of at-risk mothers through Family Health Centers or similar institutions, and the enhancement of social and psychological support services during pregnancy and postpartum. Furthermore, supervision and in-service training programs should be expanded to reduce professional burnout among social workers. At the policy level, the employment of social workers in Family Health Centers to provide close psychosocial support during and after pregnancy is proposed. Additionally, strengthening legal responsibilities of biological fathers and increasing employment and vocational training opportunities to promote mothers' economic independence are recommended. This social work model not only seeks to streamline the intervention process for abandoned infants but also aims to contribute to the development of preventive and protective social policies that address structural causes.