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Macrophage Paracrine Signalling Differentially Affects Fibroblast-Induced Collagenous Tissue Remodelling.

Hannah F M Brouwer1,2, Amal K Mansoor1,2, Sylvia Dekker1

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Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
|November 28, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages reduce tissue remodelling compared to anti-inflammatory M2 subsets. This study clarifies macrophage paracrine signalling

Keywords:
Collagen remodellingMacrophage polarisationTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and tissue engineering research.
  • Investigating macrophage phenotypes and their impact on cellular processes.

Background:

  • Tissue repair after injury often impairs function and structure.
  • Macrophages, key immune cells, polarize into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) subsets.
  • Macrophages influence fibroblast activity in extracellular matrix remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how paracrine factors from M1, M2a, and M2c macrophage subsets influence fibroblast-mediated tissue remodeling.
  • To elucidate the direct role of macrophage phenotypes in structural tissue remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Macrophages were polarized in vitro.
  • Conditioned or cytokine-enriched media from macrophages were applied to fibroblast-populated collagen tissues.
  • Tissue compaction and gene expression related to matrix remodeling were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Macrophage-conditioned media altered fibroblast-induced tissue compaction across all subsets.
  • M1 macrophage factors, without confounding elements like polarizing agents or serum, reduced tissue compaction versus M2a/M2c.
  • Matrix degradation, indicated by MMP activity, contributed to tissue compaction.

Conclusions:

  • M1 macrophage secretions diminished fibroblast extracellular matrix remodeling capacity compared to M2a/M2c subsets in vitro.
  • Polarizing factors and serum act as significant confounders in studying macrophage paracrine signaling effects on tissue remodeling.