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Primed Mycobacterial Uveitis PMU as a Model for Post-Infectious Uveitis
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Intraocular Tuberculosis: Current Insights and Emerging Therapeutic Paradigms
Mohini Agrawal1, K Shyamsundar2, Keerthana Raghu3
1Ophthalmology, Military Hospital, Jalandhar, India.
Seminars in Ophthalmology
|November 28, 2025
Summary
Intraocular tuberculosis (OTb) diagnosis is challenging due to varied symptoms. Early, multidisciplinary care combining anti-tuberculosis therapy and corticosteroids improves visual outcomes for this sight-threatening condition.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Intraocular tuberculosis (OTb) is a severe ocular manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
- It presents with diverse clinical phenotypes like uveitis, retinal vasculitis, and choroiditis.
- Diagnosing OTb is difficult due to varied presentations and lack of standardized criteria.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical spectrum of intraocular tuberculosis.
- To summarize diagnostic modalities for OTb.
- To discuss emerging management strategies for OTb.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was performed using Medline and PubMed.
- Relevant studies on ocular tuberculosis were identified and analyzed.
Main Results:
- Diagnostic tools include OCT, FA, IGRA, PCR, and HRCT.
- Management combines anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) and corticosteroids, with ongoing debates on optimal regimens.
- Emerging treatments like intravitreal anti-VEGF agents show promise for refractory cases.
Conclusions:
- A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for accurate diagnosis and individualized treatment of OTb.
- Timely intervention and tailored management are essential for improving visual prognosis in patients with intraocular tuberculosis.
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