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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Restraint to Induce Stress in Mice and Rats
Published on: December 6, 2024
Protocol to study social transmission of stress in group-housed mice using restraint stress
Dennis Mink1, Dennis Horvath2, Michael Basler3
1Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology Thurgau (BITG) at the University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland; Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
Abstract:
Here, we present a protocol to study social transmission of stress in group-housed mice using restraint stress. We describe steps for exposing mice to restrained conspecifics separated by an acrylic divider to induce indirect stress responses. We detail procedures for acute and chronic paradigms, followed by behavioral, physiological, and immunological assessments in both restrained and bystander mice. The protocol allows for the investigation of sensory and social mechanisms underlying stress contagion, while excluding visual cues. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Horvath et al.1.

