Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

3.4K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
3.4K
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

693
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
693
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

8.7K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
8.7K
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

2.3K
The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
2.3K
Storage01:23

Storage

341
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
341
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

948
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
948

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

On the limits of LLM surprisal as a functional explanation of the N400 and P600.

Brain research·2025
Same author

On the biphasic nature of the N400-P600 complex underlying language comprehension.

Brain and cognition·2025
Same author

Referential retrieval and integration in language comprehension: An electrophysiological perspective.

Psychological review·2025
Same author

Single-trial neurodynamics reveal N400 and P600 coupling in language comprehension.

Cognitive neurodynamics·2024
Same author

The P600 as a continuous index of integration effort.

Psychophysiology·2023
Same author

Retrieval (N400) and integration (P600) in expectation-based comprehension.

PloS one·2021
Same journal

The cognitive construction of moral scenes: Associations of visuospatial ability and impulsivity with perspective and vividness in mental simulation.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

Theta band activity during event-file retrieval is influenced by stimulus salience in the preceding action episode.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

Language recovery in Hungarian speakers with aphasia: Roles of phonology and intraindividual variability.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

Neural and behavioral dissociations of self-focused and other-focused incentives in trust.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

A multiverse analysis of the logical memory test and plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same journal

Reading and writing impairments in Spanish-speaking individuals with primary progressive aphasia: A single-case series study.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping
13:12

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Published on: August 12, 2019

46.3K

Mapping meaning in the brain's language.

Harm Brouwer1

  • 1Research Center for Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University, the Netherlands; Department of Computational Cognitive Science, Tilburg University, the Netherlands.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|November 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuroscience and AI advance "mind reading" models to decode continuous language from brain activity. New neurocomputational approaches are needed to understand how the brain represents meaning, overcoming current limitations in mapping models.

Keywords:
Decoding modelsEncoding modelsFormal semanticsNeurocognition of language

More Related Videos

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

1.4K
Study Design for Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Speech Cortical Mapping
09:16

Study Design for Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Speech Cortical Mapping

Published on: March 24, 2023

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping
13:12

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Published on: August 12, 2019

46.3K
Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
05:55

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain

Published on: October 13, 2023

1.4K
Study Design for Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Speech Cortical Mapping
09:16

Study Design for Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Speech Cortical Mapping

Published on: March 24, 2023

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Recent advances enable decoding word meaning from brain recordings.
  • State-of-the-art models now reconstruct meaning from continuous language.
  • These

Purpose of the Study:

  • Address how the human brain represents semantic meaning.
  • Investigate the cognitive science of language representation.
  • Overcome challenges in current brain-to-text mapping models.

Main Methods:

  • Grounding mapping models in linguistic and neurocognitive theory.
  • Developing neurocomputational models for meaning representation.
  • Explicating spatiotemporal dynamics of meaning in neural language processing.

Main Results:

  • Current mapping results are inconsistent and hard to reconcile with theory.
  • Existing neural representations lack compositional semantics for multi-word utterances.
  • Mapping models neglect spatiotemporal dynamics of semantic representation and computation.

Conclusions:

  • Future models must integrate linguistic and neurocognitive theories.
  • Neurocomputational models are crucial for understanding brain's meaning representation.
  • Addressing spatiotemporal dynamics is key for advancing brain-language mapping.