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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Chronic kidney disease.

William G Herrington1, Parminder K Judge1, Morgan E Grams2

  • 1Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Kidney Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|November 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 850 million people globally and is linked to cardiovascular issues. New treatments can slow kidney decline and reduce cardiovascular risk, improving patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 850 million individuals worldwide, with 4 million requiring kidney replacement therapy.
  • CKD is projected to be the fifth leading cause of death globally by 2050.
  • CKD significantly increases the risk of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD), often leading to death before kidney failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the global burden of CKD and its association with CVD.
  • To emphasize the importance of early CKD screening, diagnosis, and staging.
  • To underscore the impact of recent therapeutic advancements in managing CKD and its complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of global prevalence data for CKD.
  • Analysis of projected mortality trends related to CKD.
  • Synthesis of findings from recent randomized trials on CKD treatments.
  • Examination of the link between CKD and cardiovascular disease risk.

Main Results:

  • CKD impacts a vast global population and is a growing cause of mortality.
  • Most CKD patients face cardiovascular complications, often preceding kidney failure.
  • Recent large randomized trials have introduced effective treatments to slow kidney function decline and mitigate cardiovascular risk.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification and intervention are crucial for managing CKD.
  • Clinician engagement in CKD management can reduce global complications and kidney failure.
  • New therapeutic strategies offer significant potential to improve outcomes for individuals with CKD and reduce overall healthcare burden.