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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
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Physical function and oral frailty severity: A cross-sectional study.

Hyeonjeong Go1, Yong-Jin Lee2, Ji-Hye Kim1

  • 1Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute for Translational Research in Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Dentistry
|November 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Physical function indicators like grip strength and physical performance are linked to oral frailty severity in older adults. Assessing these markers can help identify individuals at risk and guide early interventions.

Keywords:
Body mass indexFrailtyHand strengthLatent class analysisOral frailtyROC curve, AgingSkeletal muscles

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Oral Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Oral frailty is a growing concern among community-dwelling older adults.
  • Physical function is increasingly recognized as a potential indicator of overall health status in aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between physical function and oral frailty severity.
  • To determine the predictive value of physical indicators for oral frailty in older Korean adults.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 138 community-dwelling older Korean adults was recruited.
  • Oral frailty was assessed using a six-item scale, and physical function was measured using the Kihon checklist (KCL), handgrip strength (HS), physical performance (PP), and body mass index (BMI).
  • Statistical analyses included latent class analysis (LCA) and logistic regression models.

Main Results:

  • Higher KCL scores were associated with pre-oral frailty.
  • Handgrip strength, physical performance, and BMI were significantly associated with oral frailty severity.
  • Latent class analysis identified two distinct groups: robust and oral frailty types, with KCL scores differentiating these classes.

Conclusions:

  • Subjective frailty, weak grip strength, poor physical performance, and low BMI are positively related to oral frailty severity.
  • These physical indicators serve as practical tools for identifying oral frailty in older adults.
  • Early identification of these markers can inform interventions to mitigate oral frailty progression and improve quality of life.