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Determining Gender-Based Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Underweight Individuals via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
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Assessing outer retinal and choroidal changes in scd: potential for high-risk screening using SS-OCTA.

Rong Gao1, Suyun Rao2, Siyuan Cheng3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Translational Psychiatry
|November 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may indicate preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study found choroidal blood flow changes in SCD individuals, potentially serving as early biomarkers for AD risk, especially in those with amyloid-beta accumulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is an early symptom of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation is a key risk factor for AD progression.
  • The retina and choriocapillaris are explored as potential AD biomarkers, but larger choroidal vessels remain understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize outer retinal and choroidal vasculature in SCD individuals using ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).
  • To correlate choroidal vascular changes with amyloid burden and APOE ε4 allele presence in SCD.
  • To identify potential ocular biomarkers for high-risk SCD screening.

Main Methods:

  • Enrolled 57 SCD individuals and 45 controls.
  • Utilized ultra-widefield SS-OCTA for retinal and choroidal imaging and blood flow analysis.
  • Assessed amyloid status via 18F-Florbetapir PET, measured plasma Aβ42/40, and APOE ε4 genotypes.

Main Results:

  • SCD individuals showed increased choroidal vessel index and reduced outer retinal thickness compared to controls.
  • Amyloid-positive SCD (Aβ+SCD) patients had elevated choriocapillaris flow area versus amyloid-negative SCD (Aβ-SCD) patients.
  • Choriocapillaris flow area negatively correlated with plasma Aβ42/40; APOE ε4 carriers had increased choroidal vascularity.

Conclusions:

  • Altered choroidal vasculature, particularly in the choriocapillaris, is associated with amyloid pathology in SCD.
  • Choroidal changes may serve as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of AD risk in SCD.
  • Ultra-widefield SS-OCTA offers a promising tool for characterizing ocular changes in preclinical AD.