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An Experimental Protocol for Femtosecond NIR/UV - XUV Pump-Probe Experiments with Free-Electron Lasers

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Plasma-wakefield accelerator simultaneously boosts electron beam energy and brightness.

Chaojie Zhang¹, Douglas Storey², Alexander Knetsch²

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. chaojiez@ucla.edu.

Nature Communications

|November 28, 2025

Summary

Plasma accelerators can now boost electron beam energy and brightness, overcoming limitations of large facilities. This compact technology promises cost-effective particle colliders and light sources.

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Area of Science:

Particle Physics
Accelerator Science
Plasma Physics

Background:

High-energy particle colliders and X-ray free-electron lasers require high-quality electron beams.
Current accelerators achieving these qualities are kilometer-scale and expensive.
Plasma accelerators offer a compact alternative but face beam quality challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a compact plasma accelerator that enhances electron beam energy and brightness.
To show a plasma-wakefield accelerator can act as an energy transformer.
To achieve beam qualities suitable for future colliders and light sources.

Main Methods:

Utilized a plasma-wakefield accelerator operating in the nonlinear regime.
Employed a 10-GeV drive bunch and a three-stage, meter-scale plasma source.
Injected electron bunches from the plasma into the accelerator.

Main Results:

Generated electron bunches exceeding 20 GeV with sub-percent energy spread.
Achieved 2 mm·mrad normalized emittance and multi-kA peak current.
Demonstrated an energy transformer ratio greater than two and over an order of magnitude brightness enhancement.

Conclusions:

The nonlinear plasma-wakefield accelerator acts as an energy transformer, boosting electron beam energy and brightness.
This compact approach overcomes limitations of traditional accelerators.
Paves the way for cost-effective, high-performance accelerators for colliders and light sources.