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Variational benchmarks for quantum many-body problems.

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Forestalled phase separation as the precursor to stripe order.

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|November 28, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Charge clustering in cuprate superconductors emerges at intermediate temperatures, organizing the strange-metal and pseudogap regimes. This clustering is ultimately superseded by stripe order as temperature decreases.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Many-Body Physics

Background:

  • Stripe order is a key feature in cuprate superconductor phase diagrams.
  • It represents the lowest-energy state in relevant regimes of the 2D Fermi-Hubbard model.
  • Superconductivity and stripe order transition to strange-metal and pseudogap regimes at higher temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the behavior of charge susceptibility in the strange-metal and pseudogap regimes.
  • Understand the role of charge clustering in organizing the intermediate-temperature landscape.
  • Determine the relationship between charge clustering and stripe order.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of the square lattice Hubbard model.
  • Utilized infinite projected entangled-pair states with purification.
  • Calculations performed in the thermodynamic limit and on finite cylinders using minimally entangled typical thermal states.

Main Results:

  • Thermodynamic charge susceptibility shows a broad maximum near filling n=0.90, strengthening upon cooling.
  • This enhancement is linked to the emergence of large, fluctuating charge clusters.
  • Cluster sizes broaden with cooling but eventually lock to the stripe wavelength, halting further broadening.

Conclusions:

  • Interaction-driven charge clustering organizes the intermediate-temperature physics of cuprates.
  • Stripe order at low temperatures ultimately limits and organizes this clustering.
  • The findings provide insight into the complex phase diagram of cuprate superconductors.