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A Global Voting Advice Application for the US Election Aimed at Foreign Audiences
Tom W Etienne1,2, Neil V Bennett1, Lily Markis-McLean1
1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Scientific Data
|November 29, 2025
Summary
Billions globally engage with US elections via Voting Advice Applications (VAAs). These tools compare voter stances with candidates, offering insights into international perceptions of US politics and elections.
Area of Science:
- Political Science
- International Relations
- Computational Social Science
Background:
- Billions of people worldwide have a stake in US presidential election outcomes, despite lacking voting rights.
- Voting Advice Applications (VAAs) serve as crucial tools for international citizens to understand election impacts.
- Previous VAA implementations have focused on national elections, with limited scope on global user engagement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze global perceptions of US politics and the international influence of US presidential elections.
- To present data from Voting Advice Applications (VAAs) developed for the 2020 and 2024 US elections.
- To offer insights into how non-US citizens engage with and perceive US political candidates and their platforms.
Main Methods:
- Development and deployment of 9 VAAs for the 2020 US election and 5 VAAs for the 2024 US election.
- Collaboration with major newspapers across Europe, Asia, and Oceania to distribute VAA tools.
- Collection of user data from 724,294 individuals across 187 countries, including demographic information, issue stances, and attitudinal data.
- Coding candidate positions on 29 (2020) and 62 (2024) issue statements using verified primary and secondary sources.
Main Results:
- VAAs provided issue-based comparisons for users regarding candidates like Biden, Trump, and Harris.
- User data encompasses demographic profiles, responses to issue statements (domestic and foreign policy), and attitudinal items.
- Candidate positions were systematically analyzed and coded, forming the basis for user- VAA comparisons.
- The study generated extensive data on international user engagement with US election issues and candidates.
Conclusions:
- The VAA data provides a unique, large-scale dataset for analyzing global perspectives on US elections.
- Findings offer critical insights into how international audiences perceive US foreign policy and domestic issues.
- The research highlights the significant global interest in US elections and their impact on international relations.
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