Psycho-yogic training and its effects on the psychological well-being of underperforming female athletes

This study investigated the efficacy of an integrated psycho-yogic training program on psychological well-being in underperforming female athletes, addressing the gap in traditional sports training that often neglects psychological readiness. The research involved 56 female athletes aged 20-25 years, randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 28 participants each. The experimental group underwent an 8-week psycho-yogic training program incorporating breath control exercises, visualization guidance, meditation practice, and mindfulness techniques. Psychological parameters were assessed before and after the intervention using standardized measures including SMTQ for mental toughness, FFMQ for mindfulness, CSAI-2R for anxiety, and FSS for flow state. Analysis through ANCOVA with Quade's ANCOVA revealed significant improvements in the experimental group's mental toughness dimensions: confidence (F = 96.20, p<0.001, η²p = 0.64), constancy (F = 36.78, p<0.001, η²p = 0.40), and control (F = 27.20, p<0.001, η²p = 0.33). Mindfulness factors also improved significantly, including observing (F = 188.72, p<0.001, η²p = 0.78), acting with awareness (F = 158.72, p<0.001, η²p = 0.75), and nonreactivity (F = 197.00, p<0.001, η²p = 0.78). Flow state indicators showed substantial enhancements, particularly in challenge-skill balance (F = 164.51, p<0.001, η²p = 0.75) and concentration (F = 283.40, p<0.001, η²p = 0.84). However, no significant changes occurred in cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence levels. The researchers concluded that while the psycho-yogic training effectively enhanced mental toughness, mindfulness, and flow experiences, longer interventions or specifically tailored anxiety-reduction components might be necessary to impact anxiety levels. Future research should explore extended program durations and competitive contexts to evaluate potential delayed effects on anxiety.