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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

216
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
216
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

183
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
183
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

180
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
180
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

13.0K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
13.0K
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

212
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
212
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

221
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
221

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Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
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Colorectal polyp distribution in relation to age: meta-analysis.

Sai Tim Yam1, Jared McLauchlan1, Andrew McCombie2

  • 1Department of Surgery and Critical Care, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Younger individuals (<50 years) show a higher prevalence of left-sided polyps. This finding is crucial for tailoring colorectal cancer screening and symptom investigation in this demographic.

Keywords:
adenomacolonrectumsessile serrated lesions

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Global rise in early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) contrasts with declining rates in Western countries.
  • Limited data on polyp distribution in younger populations complicates screening strategies.
  • This systematic review addresses the knowledge gap regarding polyp prevalence across age groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on polyp distribution in different age groups.
  • To compare polyp locations (left vs. right colon) in individuals younger than 50 versus those 50 and older.
  • To inform clinical practice for CRC screening and symptom evaluation in younger patients.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search across major databases (PubMed, Scopus, etc.) using keywords 'age' and 'polyp'.
  • Inclusion of English-language articles detailing polyp distribution (adenomatous, advanced, sessile serrated lesions) by age.
  • Definition of 'younger patients' as individuals under 50 years of age.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 24 eligible studies, with 12 included in meta-analysis.
  • Younger individuals (<50) exhibited 75.9% left-sided polyps versus 61.9% in older individuals (≥50).
  • Meta-analysis confirmed a significantly higher proportion of left-sided polyps in younger individuals (MD 0.06, CI 0.03-0.09; OR 0.77, CI 0.59-1.01).

Conclusions:

  • Individuals under 50 years demonstrate a predilection for left-sided colonic polyps.
  • This distribution mirrors that observed in early-onset colorectal cancer.
  • Findings necessitate adjusted screening and diagnostic approaches for individuals under 50 presenting with symptoms.