Acute Effects of Non-Oil-Seed Pulses on Parameters of Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review of Human
Tim B Schiemann1, Christina Diekmann1, Sarah Egert1
1Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
Background:
Non-oil-seed pulses offer a plant-based source of dietary protein and further nutritionally valuable nutrients such as essential micronutrients and dietary fiber, making them a key component of sustainable diets emphasizing plant protein. They are also a relevant dietary source of carbohydrates with a low glycemic index.
Objective:
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the acute effects of a variety of non-oil-seed pulses on various parameters of cardiometabolic health, hunger, and satiety.
Methods:
In this systematic review, a literature search in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases was conducted, and 40 human intervention studies were identified that investigated the effects of non-oil-seed pulses on postprandial metabolic events.
Results:
Most of the articles in this review reported that non-oil-seed pulses cause lower glucose (28 of 40 studies) and insulin (16 of 24 studies) responses than other starchy foods in the control groups (mainly wheat-flour-based products or white rice). These results were reported for a variety of non-oil-seed pulses and pulse products. Additionally, 3 of 5 studies found a significantly reduced feeling of hunger following meals enriched with pulses compared with the control meal, while the remaining 2 studies found a nonsignificant reduction. Although the studies examining satiety and fullness found increased satiation following pulse-enriched meals, only 1 of 6 studies found a significantly greater increase in satiety compared with the control, and 3 of 6 studies found a significantly greater increase in fullness. Other study variables, such as parameters of lipid metabolism and vascular function, have only been investigated in a few studies, and those studies mostly reported no significant effects.
Conclusion:
This systematic review confirmed that non-oil-seed pulses can attenuate postprandial glycemia and lipemia and can therefore be classified as low-glycemic food. Future human intervention studies should focus on the acute and chronic effects of non-oil-seed pulses on further health-related parameters, such as inflammatory markers and vascular function.
Systematic Review Registration:
PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023471539.
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