Correlation Between Anthropometric Measurements and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Endocrinology
• Public Health

Background:

• Rising global obesity rates correlate with increased gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) incidence.
• GDM presents a significant public health challenge due to its growing prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the efficacy of anthropometric measurements in determining GDM risk factors.
• To identify reliable predictors for GDM among pregnant individuals.

Main Methods:

• Cross-sectional and prospective study design.
• Analysis of pre-pregnancy, first-trimester, and second-trimester anthropometric data (BW, BMI, NC, HC).
• Inclusion of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results for 24-28 gestational weeks.

Main Results:

• Participants diagnosed with GDM exhibited significantly higher pre-pregnancy BW, first-trimester BW, BMI, NC, HC, and NHtR, and OGTT-period BW and BMI.
• Logistic regression identified pre-pregnancy BW and first-trimester BW as independent determinants of GDM.
• Increased pre-pregnancy BW (OR 0.849) and first-trimester BW (OR 1.158) were associated with a higher risk of GDM.

Conclusions:

• Pre-pregnancy and first-trimester anthropometric measurements, including BW and BMI, show promise for GDM prediction.
• Neck circumference (NC) and neck circumference/height ratio (NHtR) in the first trimester may also serve as reliable indicators for GDM risk.
• These findings support the use of simple anthropometric measures for early GDM risk assessment in clinical practice.