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Local-to-Nonlocal Second-Harmonic Generation from Electrically Tunable Intersubband Polaritonic Metasurfaces.

Jaesung Kim1, Hyeongju Chung1, Seongjin Lee1

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|November 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel tunable metasurface for independent control over second harmonic (SH) signal intensity and wavelength. This breakthrough enhances nonlinear optical functionalities for advanced photonic applications.

Keywords:
angle‐multiplexed opticsdual tunabilityelectrical tuninglocal‐to‐nonlocal processnonlinear metasurfacesnonlocal resonancesecond‐harmonic generation

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Nonlinear optical metasurfaces offer subwavelength light control.
  • Simultaneously tuning harmonic signal intensity and spectral response is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an electrically tunable polaritonic metasurface for independent control of second harmonic (SH) generation intensity and spectral peak wavelength.
  • To demonstrate a hybrid approach combining localized and nonlocal optical modes.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered modal overlap within a multiple quantum well layer.
  • Utilized a combination of localized surface plasmon resonance (fundamental frequency) and transverse magnetic guided-mode resonance (SH frequency).
  • Employed voltage-controlled modulation and angle-controlled spectral tuning.

Main Results:

  • Achieved independent control of SH intensity via voltage and spectral tuning via angle.
  • Demonstrated decoupled degrees of freedom associated with local and nonlocal optical modes.
  • Verified independent tunability through angle-resolved nonlinear reflection measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The hybrid metasurface provides a general framework for enhanced flexibility and functional control in nonlinear optics.
  • This approach enables independent tuning of SH spectral peak and intensity, overcoming a fundamental challenge.
  • Paves the way for applications in nonlinear signal processing, angle-multiplexed photonics, and quantum optics.