High-loading hyaluronic acid hydrogel beads via reverse spherification: influenced by Ca2+-hyaluronic acid
Zhe Yu1, Hang Li1, Qinyi Zhang1
1Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiaxing Institute of Future Food, Jiaxing, 314050, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
Abstract:
Calcium alginate hydrogel beads have become popular nutrient carriers due to their palatability and novelty. However, using this carrier to deliver hyaluronic acid (HA) presents some issues because of its high viscosity, relatively high intake requirements, and potential interactions with calcium. In this study, the reverse spherification method involves co-dissolving calcium lactate and HA in the core solution, which reduces its viscosity and enhances HA loading. Additionally, the relationship between the viscosity of the core solution and the morphology of the gel beads was systematically elucidated. The optimal beads achieved an HA loading of 6 mg/mL with favorable sphericity. Results from zeta potential, circular dichroism (CD), FTIR, AFM, and ITC analysis suggested that HA may form thermodynamically stable chelates with calcium, potentially causing HA chain contraction and reducing system viscosity. Calcium diffusion in the core solution followed first-order kinetics, and the reaction between HA and calcium reduced the amount of diffusible calcium. Therefore, by increasing the overall concentration of calcium lactate and employing a secondary calcium bath, full reaction between calcium and sodium alginate (SA) was ensured. The resulting high-quality gel microspheres achieved a membrane thickness of 0.101 mm and a rupture force of 1717 g. This study provides a novel product option for oral HA supplements.
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