Nutri-epigenetics of mitochondrial function and energy homeostasis in obesity

Obesity is a multifaceted condition involving complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Published studies have reported several genetic loci affecting obesity. Diet, physical activity, and their interaction with genetic variants have been assessed for their role in obesity. However, the role of epigenetic modifications with respect to nutrition, mitochondrial function, and energy homeostasis have not been investigated in depth. This narrative review explores scientific literature and assesses the role of nutrition and epigenetics (Nutri-epigenetics) in energy homeostasis and mitochondrial function and their subsequent effects on obesity. It details how mitochondrial dysfunction, driven by epigenetic changes, contributes to energy imbalance and metabolic disturbances and provides a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving obesity through the lens of the mitochondria and their functions.