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Multiband SERS substrate using switchable hot spots of the inline graphene-wrapped nanoparticle chains.

Mehdi Afshari-Bavil1,2, Shiva Hayati Raad3, Dong Liu4

  • 1School of Physics Electronics Information Engineering , Neijiang Normal University , Neijiang, 641112, Sichuan, China.

Scientific Reports
|November 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Graphene trimers enable triple-band single-molecule detection via surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). This platform offers tunable hot spots and multiple resonances, outperforming metallic particle arrays for sensitive analyte identification.

Keywords:
AnalyteGrapheneLifetimeMultiplexingNanoparticleNanoparticle chainSERSTrimer

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Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Single-molecule detection is crucial for analyzing trace analytes.
  • Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers high sensitivity but requires optimized plasmonic structures.
  • Graphene's unique properties present opportunities for novel plasmonic device designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate graphene-based inline spherical trimers for multi-band single-molecule detection.
  • To explore linear array assemblies for enhanced frequency bands and hot-spot engineering.
  • To assess the feasibility of graphene platforms for advanced SERS applications.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of graphene-based spherical trimers and linear arrays.
  • Analysis of multi-band electric field intensities at plasmonic hot spots.
  • Investigation of plasmon coupling and resonance generation in nanoparticle assemblies.

Main Results:

  • Simulations confirm high electric field intensities at hot spots for SERS-based single-molecule detection.
  • Graphene arrays exhibit hot-spot switching capabilities across different frequencies.
  • Strong coupling among nanoparticles generates multiple resonances, a phenomenon not observed in metallic particle chains.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene trimers and arrays are promising for multi-band single-molecule detection using SERS.
  • High-quality graphene shells and hollow nanoparticles are essential for experimental realization.
  • Graphene's tunability in plasmon lifetime and dissipation engineering offers advantages over traditional plasmonic materials.