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Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

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Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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La(OH)3-Based Lithium Ionic Conductor for Quasi-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.

Hanwen Liu1, Leqi Zhao1, Pengfeng Jiang2

  • 1Curtin Centre for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies (CAEMT), Western Australian School of Mines (WASM), Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|November 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new, air-stable, and cost-effective lanthanum hydroxide-based lithium conductor for quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries. It enhances ionic conductivity and suppresses dendrite growth, improving battery performance and stability.

Keywords:
hydroxide‐based lithium conductorlithium metal batteryquasi solid electrolyte

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Quasi-solid-state lithium metal batteries (QSSLMBs) offer advanced energy storage potential but are hindered by electrolyte instability, high costs, and poor interfaces.
  • Developing stable and efficient electrolytes is crucial for next-generation QSSLMBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, air-stable, and cost-effective lithium-ion conductor for QSSLMBs.
  • To enhance the interfacial compatibility and ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes.
  • To address key challenges in QSSLMB applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a lanthanum hydroxide-based lithium conductor, Li 0.15Sr 0.525La 0.6(OH) 3 (LSLOH).
  • Incorporation of LSLOH into a polyethylene oxide (PEO)-LiTFSI polymer electrolyte (PL) to form a quasi-solid-state electrolyte (PL-LSLOH).
  • Electrochemical characterization of the PL-LSLOH electrolyte and evaluation of LiNi 0.6Co 0.1Mn 0.3O 2 | PL-LSLOH | Li pouch cells.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized LSLOH is air-stable, cost-effective, and exhibits Li + conductivity of 0.1 mS cm-1 at 30 °C.
  • The PL-LSLOH electrolyte demonstrated improved Li + transport and induced a protective LiOH and Li 2O-rich solid electrolyte interphase, suppressing lithium dendrite growth.
  • The pouch cells achieved a high capacity of 2.2 mAh cm-2 at 0.83 mA cm-2 over 200 cycles with 92.5% capacity retention.

Conclusions:

  • La(OH) 3-based ionic conductors offer a promising solution for developing stable and high-performance QSSLMBs.
  • The developed electrolyte design effectively addresses critical barriers in QSSLMB technology, paving the way for potential scale-up.
  • This work presents a novel approach to electrolyte engineering for advanced lithium metal batteries.