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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
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Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side
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Tight Junction Proteins and Bacterial Pathogens Impacting the Brain.

Mazen M Jamil Al-Obaidi1, Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa2, AbdulRahman Muthanna2

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The European Journal of Neuroscience
|November 30, 2025
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Summary

Certain bacteria invade the central nervous system by breaching the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study details how bacterial virulence factors disrupt tight junctions (TJs) in the BBB, leading to meningitis.

Keywords:
BBBCNSbacterial infectionneuroinflammationtight junction

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Disease
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system (CNS) via brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) linked by tight junction (TJ) proteins.
  • Bacterial pathogens like E. coli, N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae can compromise BBB integrity.
  • This compromise facilitates bacterial invasion of the CNS, leading to meningitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms used by specific bacterial pathogens to penetrate the BBB.
  • To emphasize the impact of bacterial virulence factors on the integrity of TJ proteins within the BBB.

Main Methods:

  • This study focuses on the molecular processes and virulence factors involved in bacterial penetration of the BBB.
  • Analysis of how bacterial components interact with and disrupt TJ proteins (occludin, claudins, JAMs).

Main Results:

  • Bacterial virulence factors, including outer membrane proteins, pili, and toxins, are employed to disrupt host cell signaling pathways.
  • These disruptions compromise the BBB, enabling bacterial translocation across the barrier.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding bacterial strategies for BBB penetration is crucial for developing treatments for bacterial meningitis.
  • Safeguarding or restoring BBB integrity is essential for preventing and curing CNS bacterial infections.