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High Resolution Postmortem MRI Discovers Developing Structural Connectivity in the Human Ascending Arousal Network.

Roxane Licandro1,2, Mark Olchanyi3,4, Luiz F Ferraz da Silva5

  • 1Laboratories for Computational Neuroimaging, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The ascending arousal network (AAN) shows developing structural connectivity from fetus to adulthood. Key hubs like the dorsal raphe nucleus and ventral tegmental area are identified early, aiding understanding of arousal disorders.

Keywords:
ascending arousal networkdeveloping structural connectivitydeveloping tractographyfetal and infant imaginggraph‐based analysispostmortem brain imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Human arousal is critical for survival, mediated by the ascending arousal network (AAN).
  • The AAN's developmental trajectory, especially in early life, remains largely unmapped using high-resolution techniques.
  • Understanding AAN development is crucial for insights into arousal disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the structural connectivity of the human ascending arousal network (AAN) across development.
  • To investigate the emergence and evolution of AAN hubs from fetal to adult stages.
  • To provide a high-resolution neuroanatomical basis for understanding developmental arousal disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Ex vivo diffusion MRI was used for high-resolution analysis of seven fetal, infant, and adult human brains.
  • Probabilistic tractography was employed to reconstruct neural pathways.
  • Graph theory was utilized to quantify and analyze network connectivity.

Main Results:

  • AAN structural connectivity demonstrates progressive integration and rostral expansion during the first postconceptional year.
  • The dorsal raphe (DR) nucleus and ventral tegmental area (VTA) were identified as significant AAN connectivity hubs present from the fetal stage through adulthood.
  • The DR functions as a local hub with short-range connections, while the VTA develops into a global hub with long-range connections.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides novel, high-resolution maps of human AAN development.
  • Early identification of DR and VTA as critical hubs highlights their importance throughout life.
  • These findings enhance understanding of normative brain development and offer insights into disorders like SIDS and coma.