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Mn2+ Doping in Organic Zn(II)-Based Halides toward Significantly Enhanced Optical Characteristics and Stabilities.
Hong-Zhao Zan1,2, Fang Yu1, Jia-Hao Guo1
1Research Institute of Optoelectronic Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineer and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong 273155, P. R. China.
Inorganic Chemistry
|November 30, 2025
Summary
We optimized zero-dimensional (0D) Zn(II)-based halides using manganese (Mn2+) doping, achieving highly efficient luminescence and scintillation. This metal doping strategy enhances the development of stable Zn(II)-based halide scintillators for advanced applications.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Solid-State Chemistry
- Radiological Physics
Background:
- Hybrid metal halide perovskites are promising scintillators due to their spectral coverage, high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), low self-absorption, and large Stokes shift.
- However, Zn(II)-based halides with excellent scintillator properties are limited.
- Developing efficient and stable Zn(II)-based halide scintillators is crucial for advanced detection and imaging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To optimize zero-dimensional (0D) Zn(II)-based halides using a Mn2+-doping strategy.
- To investigate the luminescence and scintillation properties of the doped material.
- To evaluate the potential of this strategy for developing stable and efficient halide scintillators.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of zero-dimensional (0D) Zn(II)-based halide, (BACQ)2ZnCl4.
- Doping with manganese ions (Mn2+) to create (BACQ)2ZnCl4·4.7%Mn2+.
- Characterization of structural, optical, and scintillation properties, including photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), light yield, detection limit, afterglow, and radiation stability.
Main Results:
- Mn2+ doping transformed the weak bluish emission of (BACQ)2ZnCl4 (PLQY ∼ 1%) into efficient green emission at 533 nm with a PLQY of 38%, attributed to Mn2+ d-d transitions.
- (BACQ)2ZnCl4·4.7%Mn2+ exhibited enhanced structural and optical stability in aqueous environments.
- The scintillator demonstrated excellent performance: light yield of 17541 photons MeV-1, detection limit of 122.5 nGyair s-1, short afterglow of 1.45 ms, and robust radiation stability.
- High-resolution X-ray imaging was achieved with a spatial resolution of 11.3 lp/mm.
Conclusions:
- The Mn2+-doping strategy is effective for optimizing the luminescence and scintillation performance of 0D Zn(II)-based halides.
- The developed (BACQ)2ZnCl4·4.7%Mn2+ scintillator shows great potential for high-resolution X-ray imaging.
- This work promotes the development of stable and efficient Zn(II)-based halide scintillators through metal doping.
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