Effects of vitamin D intake alone on elderly body composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs
Tomoyuki Matsuyama1, Hiroshi Okada1, Yuto Saijo1
1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
Background:
This study investigated the effect of vitamin D on body composition in individuals aged 60 years and older.
Methods:
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to April 22, 2024, for randomized controlled trials reporting skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), lean mass (LM), handgrip strength, and fat mass (FM) as primary or secondary outcomes in elderly individuals with a mean age of 60 years or older were included. The primary outcome was the change in SMI between vitamin D and control groups; secondary outcomes were changes in LM, FM, and handgrip strength.
Results:
Seven randomized controlled trials met eligibility criteria. Mean age ranged from 60 to 74 years, participants ranged from 50 to 1094, and study durations ranged from 3 to 36 months. The mean baseline 25(OH)D concentration ranged from 15.1 to 33.0 ng/mL. The vitamin D intake group was not associated with an increase in SMI, LM, or handgrip strength compared to the control group, although a decrease in FM was observed. In the meta-analysis excluding studies that used active vitamin D, the vitamin D intake group was not associated with increases in SMI, LM, or handgrip strength, nor with a decrease in FM compared to the control group.
Conclusion:
In the present study, vitamin D intake did not increase SMI, LM, or handgrip strength in the elderly individuals, although a possible decrease in FM was observed. Further studies are needed to better elucidate the effects of vitamin D on body composition in the elderly.
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