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Related Concept Videos

Applications of Life Tables01:22

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Life tables are versatile across various fields, providing a quantitative basis for analyzing mortality and survival rates. Whether used by demographers, actuaries, epidemiologists, or sociologists, life tables offer valuable insights into the dynamics of life and death, facilitating informed decisions in public health, insurance, conservation, and beyond. Their broad applicability highlights the interconnectedness of demographic data with practical outcomes in everyday life and strategic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Determining Gender-Based Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Underweight Individuals via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
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Income-related mortality inequality and macroeconomic conditions.

Johannes Lissdaniels1, Ulf-G Gerdtham2, Gawain Heckley1

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Health Economic Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Centre for Economic Demography, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Economics and Human Biology
|November 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Macroeconomic conditions significantly impact health inequality. While the 1980s showed stability, the 1990s turbulence increased income-related health inequality (IRHI) and mortality, highlighting the need for diverse inequality measures.

Keywords:
Concentration indexInequalityMacroeconomic conditionsMortalityRecentered influence functionUnemployment

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Economics
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Income-related health inequality (IRHI) is a significant public health concern.
  • Understanding the influence of macroeconomic conditions on health disparities is crucial for policy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between macroeconomic conditions and income-related health inequality (IRHI).
  • To assess the impact of macroeconomic environments on mortality and its inequality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a recentered influence function regression approach.
  • Analyzed individual-level administrative data for the entire male population aged 20-44 in Sweden (1979-2000).
  • Incorporated income group-based analysis and the concentration index for IRHI measurement.

Main Results:

  • During the stable 1980s, macroeconomic conditions had minimal impact on mortality and its inequality.
  • Macroeconomic turbulence in the 1990s generally increased mortality inequality, though not uniformly across all measures.
  • Findings highlight the importance of employing various inequality measures.

Conclusions:

  • Macroeconomic conditions, particularly during periods of turbulence, can exacerbate income-related health inequality.
  • Policy interventions may be needed to mitigate the adverse health effects of macroeconomic instability on different socioeconomic groups.
  • The study emphasizes the necessity of using multiple metrics to fully capture the complexities of health inequality.