Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

2.7K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
2.7K
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

295
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
295
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

670
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
670
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

685
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
685
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

200
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
200
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

446
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
446

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clonal haematopoiesis and outcomes after acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ESC heart failure·2026
Same author

Sudden Death in Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Patients: Insights From FINE-HEART.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2026
Same author

Pre-hospital neurological risk stratification at return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest - the Pre-MIRACLE<sub>2</sub> score.

Resuscitation·2026
Same author

Safety, pharmacokinetics, and exploratory efficacy of the oral ghrelin receptor agonist AC01 in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (GOAL-HF1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1b/2a study.

Lancet (London, England)·2026
Same author

Bridging the gap: adapting heart failure guidelines for resource-limited settings: A European Journal of Heart Failure expert consensus document.

European journal of heart failure·2026
Same author

Insights Into the Natural History of Recurrent Myocarditis, A Multicenter International Study (Re-Myo Study).

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

7.0K

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Antonio Cannata1, Maria Generosa Crespo-Leiro2, Daniel I Bromage1

  • 1British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Science, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Cardiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|November 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) management has improved survival with guideline-directed therapies. Challenges remain in medication adherence and implementing personalized medicine for better heart failure outcomes.

More Related Videos

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
07:09

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs

Published on: February 18, 2022

2.3K
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Relationship Between Lipotoxicity and HFpEF
03:42

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Relationship Between Lipotoxicity and HFpEF

Published on: March 29, 2024

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

7.0K
A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
07:09

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs

Published on: February 18, 2022

2.3K
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Relationship Between Lipotoxicity and HFpEF
03:42

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Relationship Between Lipotoxicity and HFpEF

Published on: March 29, 2024

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Heart failure affects 70 million globally, with 2% prevalence in Europe/North America.
  • Diagnosis requires symptoms, elevated natriuretic peptides, and cardiac imaging.
  • Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) accounts for half of all cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of current diagnostic and pharmacological management of HFrEF.
  • To highlight progress in HFrEF treatment.
  • To outline remaining challenges in HFrEF care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic criteria for heart failure.
  • Analysis of guideline-directed medical therapy for HFrEF.
  • Discussion of contemporary pharmacological management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Guideline-directed medical therapy has improved survival and quality of life for HFrEF patients.
  • Foundational drug classes include RAS inhibitors/ARNIs, beta blockers, MRAs, and SGLT2 inhibitors.
  • Despite advances, heart failure remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of HFrEF involves early initiation and uptitration of foundational therapies.
  • Poor medication adherence and implementation gaps hinder optimal outcomes.
  • Future directions include personalized medicine, multiomic profiling, and innovative clinical trials to address residual risk.