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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Latent Phase Transition in Two-Dimensional PdSe_{2}.

Qishuo Yang1,2, Yabei Wu3, Liang Zhu1

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Researchers discovered a novel "latent phase transition" in 2D palladium diselenide (PdSe_{2}). The material absorbs energy without immediate change, then abruptly transforms into a 3D phase, mimicking classical latent heat phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Conventional phase transitions in 2D materials involve gradual structural changes.
  • Classical thermodynamics describes latent heat as energy absorption without immediate phase change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate an unconventional phase transition in 2D palladium diselenide (PdSe_{2}).
  • To explore mechanisms analogous to latent heat in low-dimensional materials.

Main Methods:

  • In situ atomic scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) for real-time observation.
  • Palladium atom implantation and thermal annealing.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for mechanistic insights.

Main Results:

  • Observed a
  • latent phase transition
  • in PdSe_{2} where energy is absorbed without immediate structural rearrangement.
  • The 2D PdSe_{2} lattice maintained its framework until a critical internal chemical pressure triggered an abrupt collapse into a 3D Pd_{17}Se_{15} phase.
  • DFT calculations confirmed the role of van der Waals gap energy buffering and weak Pd-Pd interactions in the transition.

Conclusions:

  • Established a new phase transition paradigm in 2D materials, distinct from conventional gradual transformations.
  • Demonstrated a phenomenon analogous to classical latent heat in a 2D material system.
  • Advanced the understanding of phase engineering in low-dimensional materials.