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Bell Sampling in Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations
Poetri Sonya Tarabunga1,2, Yi-Ming Ding3,4,5
1Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, 85748 Garching, Germany.
Physical Review Letters
|November 30, 2025
Summary
Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods are enhanced by Bell-QMC, a new framework using Bell sampling. This approach efficiently computes challenging quantum observables and entanglement, expanding QMC simulation capabilities.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Many-Body Physics
- Computational Quantum Physics
Background:
- Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods are crucial for simulating quantum many-body systems.
- Calculating off-diagonal operators and entanglement in QMC is computationally challenging.
Purpose of the Study:
- Introduce Bell-QMC, a novel QMC framework.
- Enable efficient and unbiased estimation of challenging quantum observables and entanglement.
Main Methods:
- Leverage Bell sampling, a two-copy measurement protocol in the transversal Bell basis.
- Implement the method within the stochastic series expansion with an efficient update scheme.
- Sample configurations in the Bell basis.
Main Results:
- Bell-QMC enables efficient and unbiased estimation of off-diagonal operators and entanglement.
- Entanglement across all system partitions can be computed in a single simulation.
- Demonstrated on the 1D transverse-field Ising model and 2D Z_{2} lattice gauge theory.
Conclusions:
- Bell-QMC significantly expands the quantum properties accessible via QMC simulations.
- Offers a substantial advantage over conventional QMC approaches.
- Allows extraction of universal quantum features using simple diagonal measurements.
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