Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.9K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
1.9K
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

58.8K
The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
58.8K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

4.9K
All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
4.9K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

3.1K
All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
3.1K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.1K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.1K
Electronic Structure of Atoms02:28

Electronic Structure of Atoms

27.8K

An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum...
27.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Indole-3-Acetic Acid Biosynthesis by Endophytic Fungi and Its Association with Plant-Fungus Interactions.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Immune-Mediated Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathies Linked to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A Systematic Review of Clinical Features, Diagnostic and Treatment Modalities.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Insulin resistance spawns hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis and diabetic ketoacidosis: an evolving metabolic cascade.

Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism·2025
Same author

Multi-Locus Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal Novel Genomic Regions Associated With Fructan Content in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Physiologia plantarum·2025
Same author

Genetic distances and genome wide population structure analysis of a grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) diversity panel using genotyping by sequencing.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

A Comprehensive Molecular Dynamic Simulation Study of Plant Bioactive Phytoconstituents as Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease and Spike (S) Glycoprotein.

Current computer-aided drug design·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

10.4K

Categorical Symmetries in Spin Models with Atom Arrays.

Alison Warman1, Fan Yang2,3, Apoorv Tiwari4

  • 1University of Oxford, Mathematical Institute, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|November 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We introduce a spin chain model to explore novel quantum phases and transitions using categorical symmetries, specifically Rep(D8). This model is designed for practical realization with neutral atoms, enabling the study of non-invertible phases.

More Related Videos

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.9K
Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

10.4K
Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.9K
Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Information Science
  • High Energy Physics

Background:

  • Categorical symmetries offer a generalized framework for classifying phases of matter, extending the traditional Landau theory.
  • Non-invertible phases and their associated symmetries represent a frontier in condensed matter physics, demanding new theoretical and experimental tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and analyze a simple spin chain model that captures all gapped phases and second-order phase transitions governed by the Rep(D8) categorical symmetry.
  • To demonstrate the practical feasibility of realizing and simulating such models using current experimental techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a spin chain model incorporating Rep(D8) categorical symmetry.
  • Proposal for experimental implementation using neutral atoms in optical tweezer arrays.
  • Utilizing a dual-species setup and Rydberg blockade for digital quantum simulation.

Main Results:

  • The proposed model successfully encompasses gapped phases and second-order phase transitions associated with Rep(D8) symmetry.
  • The digital simulation approach enables efficient exploration of many-body evolution in nontrivial quantum phases.
  • The model's simplicity facilitates practical realization and experimental testing of categorical symmetry predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The Rep(D8) spin chain model provides a tractable platform for studying generalized phases of matter.
  • Neutral atom quantum simulation offers a promising avenue for experimentally investigating non-invertible phases and categorical symmetries.
  • This work bridges theoretical advancements in categorical symmetry with concrete experimental proposals in quantum simulation.