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Designing a Multimodal Microscopic Device for Label-Free Detection of Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Atul Kumar1,2, Himanshu Joshi2, Gaurav Pant2

  • 1Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research (CDER), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Journal of Biophotonics
|December 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a multimodal microscopy system for early squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) detection. The integrated approach uses autofluorescence and quantitative phase microscopy for label-free analysis of oral tissues.

Keywords:
fluorescence imagingmicroscopyoral cancerquantitative phase microscopyspectroscopysquamous cell carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Cancer Diagnostics
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common epithelial cancer requiring early detection.
  • Current diagnostic methods for SCC often rely on staining, which can be time-consuming and introduce artifacts.
  • Label-free imaging techniques offer a promising alternative for rapid and accurate tissue analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an innovative multimodal microscopic system for label-free analysis of oral tissues.
  • To differentiate between healthy, dysplastic, and cancerous squamous cell carcinoma tissues using integrated imaging and spectroscopy.
  • To assess the potential of autofluorescence and quantitative phase microscopy for early cancer diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A multimodal microscopic system integrating bright-field microscopy, autofluorescence microscopy, quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) via the transport of intensity equation (TIE), and autofluorescence spectroscopy was developed.
  • The system analyzes unstained tissue sections from a single field of view (FOV).
  • Autofluorescence imaging and spectroscopy were employed to detect biochemical changes, while QPM provided morphological and refractive index information.

Main Results:

  • Autofluorescence imaging clearly distinguished well-differentiated SCC tissue from normal tissue.
  • Autofluorescence spectra showed a significant increase in emission intensity at 550 nm in cancerous tissues, indicating pathological alterations.
  • The multimodal system successfully contrasted healthy, dysplastic, and cancerous oral tissues without the need for exogenous dyes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed multimodal microscopic system enables comprehensive label-free morphological and biochemical analysis of oral tissues.
  • Autofluorescence spectroscopy and QPM are effective tools for quantifying metabolic changes and enhancing spectral data for label-free SCC diagnosis.
  • This integrated approach holds significant potential for early and accurate detection of squamous cell carcinoma.