Irisin-Treg crosstalk: unveiling a mechanism in neural cognitive regulation

Irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, has emerged as a significant player in neural cognitive functions by interacting with regulatory T cells (Tregs). This review synthesizes the expanding research landscape focused on the Irisin-Treg axis, uncovering its critical role in modulating Treg dynamics and neural immune interactions.

A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to explore how Irisin promotes Treg proliferation and differentiation, and fine-tunes immune responses essential for maintaining neural integrity and function. The review also examines Irisin's neuroprotective properties and its potential as a therapeutic agent.

Irisin enhances Treg-mediated immune regulation, thereby influencing cognitive processes by attenuating inflammation associated with neurodegenerative disorders. It also directly promotes neuronal growth and synaptic plasticity by upregulating neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Collectively, these actions mitigate neuroinflammation and improve neurocognitive function. However, the precise molecular interactions between Irisin and Tregs in brain function remain a subject of debate.

The Irisin-Treg relationship holds promise as an innovative therapeutic target for neurocognitive disorders. Future studies are needed to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying their interaction and to rigorously evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Irisin-Treg targeted therapies. This review underscores the potential for novel treatment paradigms that could revolutionize the management of neurodegenerative diseases.