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Comparing Ophthalmologist and Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Responses to Patient Questions.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots demonstrated comparable accuracy and empathy to ophthalmologists in answering eye health questions. These AI tools may help draft initial patient responses, improving efficiency and reducing physician workload.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Medical Informatics

Background:

  • Online patient portals and forums are increasingly used for health inquiries.
  • The role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbots in providing medical information is rapidly evolving.
  • Evaluating AI chatbot performance against human expert responses is crucial for safe integration into healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the ability of ChatGPT (an AI Chatbot) to accurately respond to patient eye health queries.
  • To compare AI chatbot responses with those provided by board-certified ophthalmologists.
  • To evaluate ophthalmologists' preferences, accuracy ratings, readability, empathy, and length of AI-generated versus physician-generated responses.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of eye health questions and responses from the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) "Ask an Ophthalmologist" forum (January 2016 - December 2022).
  • Comparison of responses from board-certified ophthalmologists with ChatGPT (GPT-4o).
  • Evaluation of accuracy, preference, readability (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level), empathy, and response length using a 7-point Likert scale and word count.

Main Results:

  • ChatGPT and ophthalmologist responses showed similar mean accuracy ratings (5.8 vs 5.5, p=0.07).
  • Ophthalmologists' responses were significantly easier to understand (Flesch-Kincaid Grade 11.0 vs 12.7, p<0.001) and shorter (80.6 vs 337.8 words, p<0.001).
  • Ophthalmologist preference was split, with evaluators preferring ChatGPT in 49.5% of cases, and empathy ratings were comparable (4.4 vs 4.4, p=0.5).

Conclusions:

  • AI chatbots like ChatGPT can provide responses to eye health queries with accuracy and empathy comparable to human ophthalmologists.
  • While physician responses were more readable and concise, AI chatbots were preferred in nearly half of the evaluated cases.
  • AI chatbots show potential as tools to assist in drafting initial responses to patient concerns, potentially enhancing efficiency and alleviating physician workload.