Synchronous Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Polycythemia Vera: A Case Report and Literature Review

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Endocrinology
• Oncology

Background:

• Polycythemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm linked to JAK2 mutations.
• Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) commonly causes hypercalcemia, often due to parathyroid adenomas.
• Previous literature suggests a potential, though unexplained, association between PV and PHPT.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a unique case of concurrent PV and PHPT.
• To investigate the potential relationship between the calcium-parathyroid hormone axis and hematopoiesis.
• To explore shared pathophysiological mechanisms between these conditions.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a 41-year-old male with concurrent PV and PHPT.
• Literature review on the association between PV and PHPT.
• Analysis of patient's hematological parameters post-parathyroidectomy.

Main Results:

• The patient presented with confirmed PV and PHPT secondary to a parathyroid adenoma.
• Following parathyroidectomy, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels normalized.
• PV remission was observed without additional specific treatment for the neoplasm.

Conclusions:

• This case suggests a potential interplay between the calcium-parathyroid hormone axis and hematopoiesis.
• Parathyroidectomy may induce remission in PV, warranting further investigation.
• Shared underlying mechanisms between PV and PHPT are plausible and require further study.