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Aluminum toxicity: a comprehensive narrative review
Pavitra Behra1, Monika Bhadauria1, Satendra Kumar Nirala2
1Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Ratanpur Road, Koni- Bilaspur, CG 495009, India.
Toxicology Research
|December 1, 2025
Summary
Aluminum (Al) exposure causes toxicity through various routes, leading to systemic accumulation and diverse health issues. This review highlights reactive oxygen species
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Toxicology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous environmental and industrial element.
- Exposure occurs via inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact, and medical applications.
- Systemic accumulation of Al induces aluminum toxicity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifactorial nature of aluminum toxicity.
- To emphasize the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pathogenesis.
- To discuss the significance of Al exposure in high-risk populations.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review.
- Analysis of toxicological effects of Al.
- Emphasis on oxidative stress mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Al exposure causes oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, genotoxicity, inflammation, and apoptosis.
- Al toxicity is linked to numerous pathologies, including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.
- Reactive oxygen species play a critical role in Al-induced pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Aluminum toxicity is a complex process involving multiple pathways.
- Understanding ROS involvement is crucial for mitigating Al toxicity.
- High-risk populations require special attention regarding Al exposure.
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