Recent advances and future prospects of metal organic frameworks (MOF)-based biosensors

As a wide-ranging category of nanostructured materials, metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) display distinctive characteristics, including uniformly ordered porosity, exceptional stability, and extensive tunability. These attributes enable the strategic design of MOFs in advanced biosensing platforms, including electrochemical and fluorescent biosensors. This editorial discusses the latest developments in MOF-based biosensors, emphasizing structural and surface functionalization strategies, enzyme immobilization, and signal amplification approaches that enhance analytical sensitivity and selectivity. Particular focus is placed on the MOF hybrid nanocomposites and micro/nano-sensing architectures designed to achieve precise control over activity-structure relationships. Moreover, current challenges in accomplishing scalable, biocompatible, and reproducible synthesis as well as in balancing stability with diffusion efficiency are examined. Finally, emerging trends combining computational modeling, advanced characterization, and machine-learning (ML)-guided design are highlighted as pathways toward next-generation analytical and point-of-care sensors with improved performance and broader practical applicability.